A Beginner's Guide to Lasers in Skin Therapy
This introductory guide provides foundational knowledge on laser technology in aesthetic medicine, drawing on the expertise of the American Board of Aesthetic Certification and Training (ABACT).
Introduction to Laser Technology
The term LASER is an acronym standing for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Unlike regular light, which scatters, laser light produces a highly focused beam with three unique properties:
Monochromatic
Single wavelength (one color) ensures precise targeting.
Coherent
Light waves travel in phase, synchronized in time and space.
Collimated
Parallel beams that do not spread out over distance.
How Does Laser Technology Work?
Lasers deliver concentrated light energy to specific tissues. This energy is absorbed by structures known as chromophores, which convert light into thermal energy.
Photothermolysis
Light energy is absorbed and converted into heat, damaging the targeted tissue through thermal reaction.
Selective Photothermolysis
Advanced process where treatment precisely targets specific tissue types (like a hair follicle) while minimizing damage to surrounding areas.
Key Principles of Laser Physics
Three main factors govern how light interacts with skin and determine treatment outcomes.
Wavelength
The distance between peaks of a light wave determines depth.
- 755 nm: Melanin (Superficial)
- 1064 nm: Vascular (Deep)
Fluence
Energy delivered per unit area (J/cm²). Controls intensity.
- High: Risk of burns
- Low: Ineffective
Pulse Duration
Time energy is emitted (milliseconds). Controls heat spread.
- Short: Precise targets
- Long: Safe for dark skin
Ablative vs. Non-Ablative
Removes skin layers. Dramatic results for wrinkles/scars. Longer recovery.
Stimulates collagen without removing skin. Minimal downtime, requires multiple sessions.
Types of Lasers in Aesthetic Medicine
| Laser Type | Wavelength | Target | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandrite | 755 nm | Melanin | Hair removal (Light skin) |
| Nd:YAG | 1064 nm | Hemoglobin | Veins, Hair (Dark skin) |
| Er:YAG | 2940 nm | Water | Resurfacing |
| COâ‚‚ | 10,600 nm | Water | Deep Scars |
Key Applications & Protocols
Hair Removal
Goal: Permanently reduce hair by targeting melanin.
- Alexandrite (755 nm): Light skin tones.
- Nd:YAG (1064 nm): Preferred for darker skin types.
- Protocol: 6–8 sessions, 4–6 weeks apart. Shave before treatment (no waxing).
Skin Rejuvenation
Goal: Stimulate collagen production, improving texture.
- Fractional COâ‚‚: For deep resurfacing.
- Protocol: 3–6 sessions, 4–6 weeks apart. Results visible as collagen remodels.
Tattoo Removal
Goal: Shatter ink particles for immune elimination.
- Q-switched Nd:YAG: The industry standard.
- Protocol: 6–12 sessions, 6–8 weeks apart.
Standard Treatment Workflow
1. Assess
Skin Type & Goals
2. Select
Laser & Params
3. Treat
Perform Procedure
4. Follow-up
Monitor Results
Ready to Start Your Journey?
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